Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành (Nghề: Quản trị mạng - Cao đẳng) - Trường Cao đẳng Cơ điện Xây dựng Việt Xô
Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành (Nghề: Quản trị mạng - Cao đẳng) được biên soạn với mục tiêu nhằm nắm được vốn từ vựng và ngữ pháp cơ bản của tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Công nghệ thông tin; đọc hiểu được các thông báo của hệ thống và các phần mềm ứng dụng khi khai thác và cài đặt; đọc hiểu, dịch các ... » Xem thêm
Tóm tắt nội dung tài liệu
- BỘ NÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN NÔNG THÔN
TRƢỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CƠ ĐIỆN XÂY DỰNG VIỆT XÔ
KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ NGOẠI NGỮ
GIÁO TRÌNH
MÔN HỌC:Anh văn chuyên ngành
NGHỀ: QUẢN TRỊ MẠNG
TRÌNH ĐỘ: CAO ĐẲNG
- TUYÊN BỐ BẢN QUYỀN
Tài liệu này thuộc loại sách giáo trình nên các nguồn thông tin có thể được
phép dùng nguyên bản hoặc trích dùng cho các mục đích về đào tạo và tham khảo.
Mọi mục đích khác mang tính lệch lạc hoặc sử dụng với mục đích kinh doanh
thiếu lành mạnh sẽ bị nghiêm cấm.
Mã Môn học: MH15
LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
- Để đáp ứng nhu cầu về tài liệu học tập ngoại ngữ chuyên ngành cho học
sinh - sinh viên và giáo trình giảng dạy cho giáo viên các trường dạy nghề, Tổ môn
Ngoại ngữ Trường Cao đẳng Cơ Điện Xây dựng Việt xô đã biên soạn cuốn giáo
trình “Anh văn chuyên ngành Quản trị mạng”. Cuốn giáo trình được biên soạn
với mục tiêu giúp người học nói và viết về các ứng dụng của máy tính trong cuộc
sống hằng ngày; phân biệt được sự khác nhau về các loại máy tính; mô tả được các
thiết bị nhập/xuất; xác định được các phím khác nhau trên bàn phím và chức năng
của nó bằng tiếng Anh; học về các loại ổ đĩa và sử dụng được vốn từ vựng liên
quan đến các thiết bị lưu trữ và đa phương tiện; biết được về các chức năng của hệ
điều hành , đặc tính của giao diện đồ họa, các loại kết nối mạng; dịch tài liệu
ngành Quản trị mạng từ Tiếng Anh sang Tiếng Việt.
Trong quá trình biên soạn, chúng tôiđã tham khảo nhiều tài liệu của các
trường đại học, cao đẳng, chương trình khung của Tổng cục dạy nghề ban hành,
các trường dạy nghề quốc tế như City & Guilds, Sunderland – Anh Quốc, cũng
như các tài liệu, tiêu chuẩn nước ngoài....để đáp ứng các yêu cầu thực tế đặt ra
trong quá trình thực hành. Trang bị cho giáo viên các kiến thức chuyên môn trong
hội nhập quốc tế đáp ứng yêu cầu của doanh nghiệp.
Mặc dù đã có nhiều cố gắng song không thể tránh khỏi những thiếu sót. Rất
mong được đồng nghiệp và các bạn đọc đóng góp ý kiến để giáo trình ngày càng
hoàn chỉnh hơn./.
Chúng tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn!
Ninh Bình , ngày tháng năm 2018
Chủ biên: Nhóm tiếng Anh
MỤC LỤC
- TRANG
I. Lời giới thiệu 2
II. Mục lục 3
III. Vị trí, tính chất môn học 4
IV. Mục tiêu của môn học. 4
V. Nội dung môn học:
Chapter 1: Computers today 8
Chapter 2: Input/output devices 20
Chapter 3 Storage devices 32
Chapter 4: Basic software 39
Chapter 5: Creative software 50
Chapter 6: Programming 56
Chapter 7: Computers tomorrow 64
VI. Bảng động từ bất quy tắc 73
VII. Các từ viết tắt 75
VIII. Tài liệu tham khảo 76
GIÁO TRÌNH MÔN HỌC: ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH
Mã môn học: MH15
- Vị trí, tính chất môn học:
- Vị trí: Môn học được bố trí sau khi học xong các môn học chung, song song
với các môn học, mô đun đào tạo chuyên môn nghề.
- Tính chất: Là môn học cơ sở chuyên ngành.
Mục tiêu môn học:
-Về kiến thức: Nắm được vốn từ vựng và ngữ pháp cơ bản của tiếng Anh
chuyên ngành CNTT.
- Về kỹ năng:
+ Đọc hiểu các thông báo của hệ thống và các phần mềm ứng dụng khi khai
thác và cài đặt;
+ Phát triển những kỹ năng như: đọc hiểu, dịch các tài liệu tiếng Anh chuyên
ngành Công nghệ thông tin.
- Về năng lực tự chủ và trách nhiệm:
+ Đọc hiểu các tài liệu đọc thêm bằng tiếng Anh và tóm tắt nội dung chính của
tài liệu;
+ Bố trí làm việc khoa học đảm bảo an toàn cho người và phương tiện học tập.
Nội dung môn học:
1. Nội dung tổng quát và phân phối thời gian :
Số Thời gian
TT Tổng Lý Thực Kiểm
Tên chương, mục số thuyết hành, tra(LT
bài tập hoặc
TH)
I Chapter 1: Computer today 10 5 5
1. Computers applications 2 1 1
1.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.25 0.25
1.2. Match the pictures: computers 0.5 0.25 0.25
1.3. What can computers do? 1 0.5 0.5
2. Configuration 2 1 1
2.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.25 0.25
2.2. What is a computer? 0.5 0.25 0.25
2.3. Minus and Micros 1 0.5 0.5
3. Inside the system 2 1 1
3.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.25 0.25
3.2. What‟s inside a microcomputer? 0.5 0.25 0.25
3.3. Main memory: RAM and ROM 0.5 0.25 0.25
3.4. Your ideal computer system 0.5 0.25 0.25
4. Bits and bytes 2 1 1
4.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.25 0.25
4.2. Units of memory 0.5 0.25 0.25
- 4.3. Bits for pictures 1 0.5 0.5
5. Buying a computer 2 1 1
5.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
5.2. Role play 1 0.5 0.5
II Chapter 2: Input/output devices 10 5 4 1
1. Type and click! -Keyboarb 2 1 1
1.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
1.2. About the keyboard 1 0.5 0.5
2. Image 2 1 1
2.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
2.2. Scanners: The eyes of computer 1 0.5 0.5
3. Monitor 2 1 1
3.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
3.2. Monitors 1 0.5 0.5
4. Printer 3 2 1
4.1. Vocabulary 1.5 1 0.5
4.2. Types of Printers 1.5 1 0.5
* Test 1
III Chapter 3: Storage devices 11 5 5 1
1. Floppies 3 1.5 1.5
2.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
2.2.Types of disks 1 0.5 0.5
2.3. Technical details 1 0.5 0.5
2. Hard drives 4 2 2
2.1. Vocabulary 2 1 1
2.2. Hard disks 2 1 1
3. Optical breakthrough 3 1.5 1.5
3.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
3.2. Optical disk and drives 2 1 1
Test 1
IV Chapter 4: Basic software 14 4 9 1
1. Operating system 2 1 1
1.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
1.2. MS-DOS, Windows... 1 0.5 0.5
2. The graphiccal user interface 2 0.5 1.5
2.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.5
2.2. GUIs 1.5 0.5 1
3. A walk through word processing 2 0.5 1.5
3.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.5
3.2. Word – processing facilities 1.5 0.5 1
4. Speadsheets 2 0.5 1.5
- 4.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.5
4.2. Speadsheets 1.5 0.5 1
* Test 1
5. Databases 2 1 1
5.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
5.2. Basic features of database 1 0.5 0.5
programs
6. Face of the Internet 2 0.5 1.5
6.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.5
6.2. Internet software 1.5 0.5 1
V Chapter 5: Creative software 9 4 5
1. Graphics and design 3 1.5 1.5
1.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
1.2. Computer graphics 2 1 1
2. Desktop publishing 3 1.5 1.5
2.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
2.2. Desktop publishing 2 1 1
3. Multimedia 3 1 2
3.1. Vocabulary 1.5 0.5 1
3.2. Multimedia magic 1.5 0.5 1
VI Chapter 6: Programming 11 4 6
1. Program design 2 1 1
1.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
1.2. Program design 1 0.5 0.5
2. Languages 5 1.5 2.5 1
2.1. Vocabulary 1.5 0.5 1
2.2. Programming languages 2.5 1 1.5
Test 1
3. Jobs in computing 4 1.5 2.5
3.1. Vocabulary 1.5 0.5 1
3.2. Jobs in computing 2.5 1 1.5
VII Chapter 7: Computers tomorrow 10 3 6 1
1. Electronic communications 2 0.5 1.5
1.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.5
1.2. Channels of communication 1.5 0.5 1
2. Internet issues 3 1 2
2.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
2.2. Security and privacy on the 2 0.5 1.5
Internet
3. LANs and WANs 2 1 1
3.1. Vocabulary 1 0.5 0.5
- 3.2.Network configurations 1 0.5 0.5
4. New technologies 3 0.5 2.5
4.1. Vocabulary 0.5 0.5
4.2. New technology in the future 2.5 0.5 2
* Test 1
Total 75 30 40 5
CHAPTER 1: COMPUTER TODAY
Mã chƣơng: MH15-01
- Mục tiêu:
- Liệt kê các từ vựng để mô tả về cấu trúc máy tính với một máy PC cụ thể với cấu
hình phổ biến trên thị trường.
- Mô tả được đoạn văn để diễn tả các thông tin trong máy tính.
- Trả lời chính xác các bảng liệt kê cấu hình máy tính bằng các bài kiểm tra dạng trắc
nghiệm.
- Diễn tả cho khách hàng hiểu được cấu hình máy khi khách mua máy tính.
- Thực hiện các thao tác an toàn với máy tính.
UNIT 1: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
A. Match the caption(1-4) with the pictures(a-d)
1. In education, computer can make all the difference________
2. Using a cashpoint, or ATM____________
3. The Internet in your pocket____________
4. Controlling air traffic_________________
We are now living in what some people improve their maths skills. They are
call the digital age, meaning that used to access the Internet, to do basic
computers have become an essential part research and to communicate with other
of our lives. Young people who have student around the world. Teachers use
grown up with PCs and mobile phones projectors and interactive whiteboards to
are often called the digital generation. give presentationsand teach sciences,
Computers help students to history or language courses. PCs are also
performmathematical operations and used for administrative purposes-
- schools use word processors to write dispense money to customers by the use
letters, and databases to keep records of a PIN-protected card. People use a
of students and teachers. A school Chip and PIN card to pay for goods and
website allows teachers to publish services. Instead of using a signature to
exercises for students to complete verify payments, customers are asked to
online.Students can also enroll for enter a four-digit personal
courses via the web site and parents can identification number(PIN), the same
download official reports. number used at cashpoints; this system
Mobiles let you make voice calls, send makes transactions more secure.
texts, email people and download logos, With online banking, clients can easily
ringtones or games. With a built-in pay bills and transfer money from the
camera you can send pictures and make comfort of their homes.
video calls in face-to- face mode. New Airline pilots use computers to help
smartphones combine a telephone with them control the plane. For example,
web access video, a games console, an monitors display data about fuel
MP3 player, a personal digital consumption and weather conditions. In
assistant(PDA) and a GSP navigation airport control towers, computers are
system, all in one. used to manage radar systems and
In banks, computerstore information regulate air traffic. On the ground,
about the money held by each customer airlines are connected to travel agencies
and enable staff to access large by computer. Travel agents use
databases and to carry out financial computers to find out about the
transactions at high speed. They also availability of flights, prices, times,
control the cashpoints, or ATMs( stopovers and many details.
automatic teller machines), which
B. When you read a text, you will often see a new word that you don’t recognize.
If you can identify what type of word it is( noun, verb, adjective,etc.) it can help
you guess the meaning.
Find the words (1-10) in the text above. Can you guess the meaning from the
context? Are they nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs? Write n,v,adj or adv next
to each word.
1. Perform(line 6)____ 6. Digital(line 25)_______
2. Word processor(line 13)____ 7. Store(line 27)_________
3. Online(line 16)________ 8. Financial(line 29)______
4. Download(line 18)______ 9. Monitor(line 42)_______
5. Built-in(line 21)________ 10. Data(line 42)__________
C. Match the words in C(1-10) with the correct meanings(a-j)
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a. keep, save_________ g. collection of facts or figures
b. execute, do_________ h. describes information that is
c. monetary__________ recorded or broadcast using
d. screen_____________ computers
e. integrated__________ i. program used for text
f. connected to the manipulation
Internet_______ j. copy files from a server to your
PC or mobile
UNIT 2: CONFIGURATION
A. In pairs, discuss these questions:
1. Have you got a computer at home, school or work? What kind is it?
2. How often do you use it? What do you use it for?
3. What are the main components and features of your computer system?
B. In pairs, label the elements of this computer system
A
computer is an electronic a set of instructions and processes the
machine which can accept data
in a certain form, process the
data, and give the results of the
processing in a specified format as
information. First data is fed into the
computer‟s memory. Then, when the
program is run, the computer performs
- 12
data. Finally, we can see the results (the devices and input/ output devices.
output) on the screen or in printed form Storage devices (hard drives, DVD
(see Fig. 1 below). A computer system drives or flash drives) provide a
consists of two parts: hardware and permanent storage of both data and
software. Hardware is any electronic or programs. Disk drives are used to read
mechanical part you can see or touch. and write data on disks. Input devices
Software is a set of instructions, called a enable data to go into the computer‟s
program, which tells the computer what memory. The most common input
to do. There are three basic hardware devices are the mouse and the
sections: the central processing unit keyboard. Output devices enable us to
(CPU), main memory and peripherals. extract the finished product from the
Perhaps the most influential system. For example, the computer
component is the central processing shows the output on the monitor or
unit. Its function is to execute prints the results onto paper by means of
program instructions and coordinate a printer. On the rear panel of the
the activities of all the other units. In computer there are several ports into
a way, it is the “brain” of the which we can plug a wide range of
computer. The main memory ( a peripherals – a modem, a digital camera,
a scanner, etc. They allow
collection of RAM chips) holds the
communication between the computer
instructions and data which are being and the devices. Modern desktop PCs
processed by the CPU. Peripherals are have USB ports and memory card
the physical units attached to the readers on the front panel.
computer. They include storage
- 13
C. Match these words from the text(1-9) with the correct meanings(a-i).
1. software a. the brain of the computer
2. peripherals b. physical parts that make up a computer system
3. main memory c. programs which can be used on a particular
4. hard drive(also known as computer system
hard disk d. the information which is presented to the
5. hardware computer
6. input e. result produced by a computer
7. ports f. input devices attached to the CPU
8. output g. section that holds programs and data while they
9. central processing are executed or processed
unit(CPU) h. magnetic device used to store information.
i. sockets into which an external device may be
connected.
UNIT 3: INSIDE THE SYSTEM
I. Technical specifications
A. Read the advertisement and translate the technical specifications into your
own language.
B. In pairs, answer the questions, if necessary look at the grossary.
1. What is the main function of a computer‟s processor ?
2. What unit of frequency is used to measure processor speed ?
3. What does RAM stand by?
II. What is inside a PC system?
A. Read the text and then answer the following questions
1. What are the main parts of the CPU?
2.What are ALU stand for? What does it do?
3. What does function of the system clock?
4. How much is one gigahertz ?
- 14
5. What type of memory is temporary?
6. What type of memory is permernent? And include instructions needed by?
7. How can RAM be increased?
8. What term is used to refer to the main printed curcuit board ?
9. What is a bus?
10. What is the benefits of having expansion slots?
The nerve centre of a PC is the processor, also called the CPU, or central
processing unit. This is built into a single chip which executes program instructions
and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system. The chip
itself is a small piece of silicon with a complex electrical circuit called an intergated
circuit.
The processor consits of three main parts:
• The control unitexamines the instructions in the user‟s program, interprets each
instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components – monitor, disk
drives, etc. – to execute the functions specified.
• The arithmetic logic unit ( ALU)performs mathematical calculations ( +, _, etc.)
and logical operations ( AND, OR, NOT).
• The registersare high- speed units of memory used to store and control data. One of
the register ( the program counter, or PC) keeps track of the next instruction to be
performed in the main memory. The other ( the instruction register, or IR) holds the
instruction that is being executed (
see Fig. 1)
The power and performance of a
computer is partly determined by
the speed of its processor. A system
clock sends out signal at fixed
intervals to measure and
synchronize the flow of data. Clock
speedis measured in gagahertz (GHz). For example, a CPU running at 4 GHz ( four
thousand million hertz, or cycles, per second) will enable your PC to handle the most
demanding applications.
RAM and ROM
The programs and data which
pass through the processor must be
loaded into the main memory in order
to be processed.Therefore, when the
- 15
user runs a program,the CPU looks for it on the hard disk and transfers a copy into the
RAM chips.RAM ( random access memory) is volatile - that is, its information is lost
when the computer turns off. However,ROM( read only memory) is non- volatile,
containing instructions and routines for basic operations of th CPU.The BIOS ( basic
input/output system) uses ROM to control communication with peripherals. RAM
capacity can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in small circuit
boards called dual in – line memory modules ( DIMMs)Buses and cards
The main circuit board inside your system is called the motherboard and contains
the processor, the memory chips, expansions
lots, and controllers for peripherals,
connected by buses – electrical channels
which allow devices inside the computer to
communicate with each other. For example,
the front side bus carries all data that passes
from the CPU to other devices. The side of
bus called bus width, determines how much
data can be transmitted. It can be compared
to the number of lanes on a motorway – the larger the width, the more data can travel
along the bus. For example, a 64- bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.Expansion slots
allow users to install expansion cards, adding features like sound, memory and
network capabilities.
Central processing unit(CPU)
Control unit
Main memory
Arithmetic logic unit(ALU)
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Registers
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
IR 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
bus 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
Fig 1: Organization of a simple computer, the CPU is built into a single microprocessor chip
UNIT 4: BITS AND BYTES
I. How memory is measured
A. Read the text and then answer these questions.
1. How many digits does a binary system use?
- 16
2. What is a bit?
3. What is a collection of eight bits called?
4. What does ASCII stand for?
5. What does the purpose of ASCII?
Computers do all calculations using a code made of just two numbers – 0 and 1.
This system is called binary code . The electronic circuits in a digital computer detect
the difference between two states: ON( the current passes through) or OFF( the
current doesn‟t pass through) and represent these states as 1 or 0. Each 1 or 0 is called
a binary or bit. Bits are grouped intoeight- digit codes that typically represent
character s ( letters, numbers and symbols). Eight bits together are called a byte .Thus,
each character on a keyboard has its own arrangement of eight bits. For
example,01000001for the letter A,01000010 for B, and
01000011 for C. Computers use a standard code for the binary representation of
characters. This is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, or
ASCII – pronounced / ᵆ ski/. In order to avoid complex calculations of bytes, we use
bigger units such as kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes
We use these units to describe the RAM memory, the storage capacity of disks and
the size of a program or document.
Note : bit is pronounced /bit/; byte is pronounced / bait/
One bit
01000011
Example of a byte
Unit of memory Abbreviation Exact memory amount
Binary digit Bit,b 1 or 0
Byte B 8 bits
Kilobyte KB
1,024 bytes(2 10)
Megabyte MB
1,024 KB or 1,048,576 bytes( 220)
Gigabyte GB
1,024 MB or 1,073,741,824 bytes(230)
Terabyte TB
1,024 GB or 1,099,511,627,776bytes(240)
B. Complete these descriptions with the correct unit of memory.
1. A _____________ is about one trillion bytes – about as much text as the books
and magazines in a huge library.
- 17
2. A_____________ is about one million bytes – about as much text as a 300- page
novel.
3. A. ___________ is about one thousand bytes – equivalent to one sheet of A4.
4. _____________ is about one billion bytes _ about as much text as 1,000 books.
5. ____________ can store a single character, such as the letter h or number 7.
II. A PC system
A. Complete this diagram of a PC system. Look at Units 1,2 and 3 to help you.
B. In pairs, compare your answers.
III. Your ideal computer system
A. Make notes about the features of the computer that you would most like to
have . Think about the features in the box.
CPU Optical disc drives Wireless connectivity Minimum/ maximum RAM
Monitor Ports and card memory slots Hard disk SoftwareSpeed
B. In pairs, describe your ideal computer system. Give reasons for your choices.
UNIT 5: BUYING A COMPUTER
I. In a computer shop
A. Imagine you are in a computer shop. Choose five things that would improve your
digital life.In pairs, compare your choices.
- 18
B. You want to buy a computer. Think of three basic features that will make a big
difference to your choices.
II. Buying a computer
A. Read the following advertisements. Which computer do you want to choose?
- 19
3. Vocabulary tree
Designing word trees and spidergrams can help you build up your own
mental ‘ maps’ of vocabulary areas. Look at the list of terms in the box and
put each one in an appropriate place on the word tree below. The first one has
been done for you.
- 20